Rising Petrol Prices

Rising petrol prices 1) When and how did the cost of petrol start to rise? 2) Are there anybody else who is involved other than the drivers of motor vehicles? 3) Can we overcome the rising costs of petrol 4) Are there any advantages of the rising of petrol costs at all 5) How does the rising costs of petrol affect the Demand, Supply, Employment and Income section of the cycle Petrol prices have been continually soaring throughout the decades with GST (goods and service tax), the level of demand, the gulf war and the fact that we are running out of it being the main factors. In some cases the level and extent of competition of petrol companies in a particular location may also be a factor. Motor Vehicle drivers aren’t the only ones who’s suffering from expensive petrol, Aviation companies are also effected, recent surveys have shown that 28% of aviation companies prefer going for a more direct routing to their destinations, 40% found flying at slower speeds to save petrol, 19% cut back on hours flown, 15% started tankering fuel (getting it while it is at a lower price to save money). We certainly cannot overcome the rising of petrol prices but people in Australia and around the world are trying to help by changing their driving habits, using public transport more often and coming up new ways to make cars more fuel efficient. It is quite obvious what the disadvantages are when it comes to talking about the rising costs of petrol but when it comes to advantages I think that people are starting to cut back on shopping sprees, dinner dates and night outs because they want to save money and use it for petrol. There are also fewer teens on the roads because most of them obviously can’t afford petrol when the prices are this high which means that there are less drunk road accidents. A lot of people are also losing weight as a result of using bicycles to save petrol. ———————– A lot of people in the world want oil all at the same time. Oil reserves are running low on Fuel. (Oil supply do not meet demand expectations) They do not make as much money Employment stays the same DEMAND (goes up) Supply Employment Income

Risk Managements Assessment Summary

Health care organizations use risk management methods to guard their assets against likely threats brought on by legal liability. An important component of risk management programs inside the long-term care setting is the ability to reduce the amount of avoidable accidents and injuries and to reduce the financial severity of claims. Long-term care facilities offer a wide array of services to residents, and possible injuries is significant to the frail, elderly population they assist.Knowing how to recognize risks and plan proper methods and policies to lessen them necessitates frequent attention from leaders within the organization. The purpose of this summary is to focus on several examples of common risk elements in a long-term care facility and the ppolicymaking process used to evade or decrease their impact. Risk Management Risk management programs inside any organization involve a sthrong obligation from its leaders to be successful. Implementing documented processes for managi ng risk that supports the organization’s mission and goals aids leaders give employees and consumers self-assurance in the organization.Directors and senior leadership benefit from fostering functional collaboration promoting accomplishment of its programs among departments (Jones & Cotta, 2009). Risk management allows a facility to nurture a work environment that encourages growth through training and education reduces risk. Organizational strength demonstrates innovative decision-making and openness to change. Nurturing a work environment that encourages growth through training and education reduces risk (Chee, Kamal, & Wingender, 2011).Loss prevention efforts help to decrease risk expenses, permitting more funds for medical equipment, hospital facilities, and physician’s salaries, therefore increasing the value of the organization. A get-up-and-go risk-management approach aids in meeting business expansion plans. Risk management helps to recognize risk factors vital to shareholders. Money saved through risk-management activities can be openly reinvested back into the organization and community (Ceniceros, 2008). By devising policies in place and following procedures arrange for documentation of action, an essential tool in any legal proceeding.Quality Management A vital aspect of quality management is correct training of work processes. Implementing quality-management policies in agreement with regulatory guidelines helps guarantee quality of care in compliance with laws. Having solid leadership, committed to quality care helps to creates unity of determination and direction within an organization (Carroll, 2009). The organizational culture affects outcomes, such as ethical decision-making, performance, and promise. High pperforming organizations support cultures that have good communication skills.Knowing how one fits in with the rest of the organization gives employees a common sense of community and self-importance in one’s work (Che e, Kamal, & Wingender, 2011). Upholding a sthrong organizational culture helps to increase patient’s quality of care. Quality management policies help strengthen confidence in the quality of care given and make medical outcomes better while reducing lawsuits. Policies in place offer a process for handling adverse events and giving stakeholders assurance that difficulties are being dealt with properly (Carroll, 2009).Identifying Risks Former lawsuits, allegations, and patient, or staff complaints first govern the documentation of health care risks in the long-term care facility. Data collected from sources, such as employee and staff incident reports, resident satisfaction surveys, workers compensation claims, and state licensure surveys are valuable in recognizing areas that pose risk (Candlin & Candlin, 2002). Through analyzing former loss exposures, leaders can anticipate future problems permitting them to improve proper standards and guidelines to improve the quality of ca re.Risk analysis is the process of evaluating the possible loss linked by a specific risk identified and its probability of occurrence. Defining these two factors helps leaders select a suitable risk treatment ppolicy (Carroll, 2009). In a long-term care setting, management must have procedures in place for observing performance, both operational, and that connecting to the care of residents. Setting policies that bring into line with the organization’s mission and strategic goals, which consist of high-quality care will help safeguard compliance tthroughout the organization.Common Risks Three shared risks inside a long-term care facility consist of resident well-being, employee grievance, and medical mistakes. Each of these risks conveys the would-be for negative consequences that may end in lawsuits, worker’s compensation claims, or potential loss of life. By examining each risk and determining their bad effects on the facility and its stakeholders, the risk manageme nt professional can improve and apply a risk management plan and make the essential changes to organizational policies (Carroll, 2009). Resident SafetyThe expectation is for long-term care facilities to deliver residents quality care in a safe and secure environment. Making certain resident safety involves taking ample measures to offer an environment free of dangers, upholding safety standards by averting any type of injury to the residents’ physical, psychological, and emotional well-being (Rhodes, 2001). Continuing persistence in recognizing hazards and decreasing them must be a main concern of care giving. The most often reported incident in long-term care facilities is falls. Three out of four residents will fall each year and many result in a lawsuit.The most common reason for falls is existing health conditions affecting muscle weakness or trouble walking (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 2009). Even though falls are unavoidable in a long-term care settin g, risks can be cut-down with fall prevention strategies as well as staff education, decreasing risk factors like low lighting, wet floors, and inadequately fitted wheelchairs, and bringing together exercise programs to strengthen muscles and increase balance. Most essential, everyone working inside the facility from nursing to maintenance staff must be involved in fall prevention (Rhodes, 2001).Employee Injuries The nursing home industry has a highest rate of employee sickness and injury amid all of the United States businesses according to 2002 Bureau of Labor statistics. The most widespread threats include musculoskeletal ailments, and contact of blood and other communicable materials (United States Department of Labor, 2005). Obeying Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulatory requests regarding education and safety procedures, help alleviate these risks. Giving care for residents is physically trying on nursing staff.Activities such as lifting, moving, and w alking residents increase the risks of injury to staff. Risk factors connected with these activities as defined by OSHA include: †¢Force- the amount of physical effort essential to do a task. †¢Repetition- regularly pperforming the same motions. †¢Awkward postures- Doing positions that put pressure on the body (OSHA, 2003). Recurring exposure to these risks can cause substantial musculoskeletal injury to employees. Loss linked with employee injuries include staffing shortages causing reduced quality of resident care, bigger workload for remaining staff, and workers compensation claims.To lessen the severity and occurrence of employee injury and illness management must offer solid support by developing clear goals and provide essential resources (OSHA, 2009). Providing mechanical lifting devices and demonstrating training in good body mechanics are two ways of decreasing risk of musculoskeletal injury. Medical Error According to Kapp (2003), a medical error is â€Å"d efined as mistakes, inadvertent occurrences, or unintended events in health care delivery that may result in patient injury. The population living in long-term care facilities, on average, is elderly or disabled and necessitates assistance with three or more activities of daily living (ADL) for instance dressing, bathing, and eating. The likelihood of error in giving this care can be limitless. Furthermore, dementia, the most mutual health condition amid residents living in nursing homes, constrains the ability of many residents to take a significant role in planning and overseeing of their own care (Kapp, 2003). Errors come in many forms in nursing homes.The high occurrence of illness amid residents calls for a significant amount of drugs ordered and dispensed. This leaves chance for meducation errors and adverse drug events (ADEs), which older individuals are most vulnerable. To increase resident safety, financial return, and clinical outcomes, policies, procedures, and systems th at make sure safe meducation delivery are critical (Kapp, 2003). Another problem common in long-term care facilities is pressure ulcers, contained areas of skin damage over bony areas of the body, such as heels, buttocks, and hips.Risk factors for pressure ulcers include immovability, resistance, shear, incontinence, and poor nutrition, which are all preventable. Steps to escape pressure ulcers should be iincluded in routine quality care. Regular repositioning, skin examinations, the use of pressure releasing surfaces, and suitable nutritional intake should be constant during each shift for residents at risk of developing pressure ulcers. If these actions are not taken, quality care does not happen, opening the door for a lawsuit claiming neglect (Kapp, 2003).Conclusion Risk management efforts are difficult and leaders must attempt to safeguard every possible risk factor. These possible risk factors are linked with residents, medical staff, employees, and property that subject the l ong-term care facility to probable liability or loss. Risk factors need to be recognized and appropriate policies and procedures need to be put in place to reduce their occurrence. The high occurrence of medical error occurrences in long-term care has led to a highly controversial environment.

America and Vietnam Essay Example for Free

America and Vietnam Essay Olsen and Roberts are both history professors who are fascinated with the ways by which the American government made the situation of the war with Vietnam a fearful yet victorious even for the reputation of the said country. The authors were then able to contribute their thoughts about the situation thus seeing the situation of the past wars a manifestation of the reputation of the American society in the world account of recognized countries of war and reconciliation. Their book â€Å"Where the Domino Fell† actually pictures the actual situations that happened during the American-Vietnamese war during the 1960’s and how the said history particularly affects the relationship of the two countries involved. About the Book [Content and Summary] The overall content of the book is highly recommended for reading and teaching as it gives a clear yet critical approach in assessing the US policy that controlled the Vietnam society from then until the present. Undeniably, the book of Olsen and Roberts is an awakening material that helps the human mind realize the importance of being diplomatic and lawful even when in the middle of distress. Surprisingly, the American society was able to steel a fine reputation out from all the oppression that they have already implicated upon the Vietnamese society during the war years. Through the critical assessment of the situation, the authors intended to give the readers a fine picture not only of what is or what has been obvious but also a glimpse of the truth behind the scenes of historical accounts written in books today. Implications of the Reading As it has been noted earlier, the reading gave a clear depiction of what has happened and why the said events happened during the American-Vietnamese war in the 1960’s. With the insightful informations that the authors posted through their book, they were able to help readers realize what the facts are and how they particularly affect the present relationship that exists between the said countries. Critique of the Writing Approach As for the writing approach of the authors, it is undeniable that the informations that they posted through the reading were carefully assessed thus giving out validated facts that support their explanations of the said historical event. The clarity of the implications of the reading has been strengthened by the documentations that the authors used to show the authenticity of the reading. The utilization of other researches that supported their claims and opinions made the book a must read not only for professors and students, but also for those individuals who endeavor reading books under the typical yet critical approach of understanding history and American politics. Within the context of the book lies a less-traveled path among the historians of the present times. Olsen and Roberts certainly made it clear that history is a human account needed to be understood and learned from through critical observation of the past. Reference: James S. Olson and Randy Roberts. (2006). Where the Domino Fell: America and Vietnam 1945-2006 [ILLUSTRATED]. Blackwell Publishing Limited; 5 edition. America and Vietnam. (2017, May 10).

A paper which compares and discusses the 3 works of Philip Roth Essay

A paper which compares and discusses the 3 works of Philip Roth Goodbye, Columbus Defender of the Faith and Eli, the Fanatic - Essay Example This is due to his fondness to his religion and his indifferent behavior towards the materialistic world. His character reveals a different sense of humor which is appreciated by all. I disliked the character of Brenda Patimkin because she is exactly the opposite of what Neil Klugman is. Her character portrays a sense of love towards the materialistic world. The character of Brenda is also portrayed as of a negative one by Philip Roth. This is because in the latter part of the story she decides to end the relationship with Neil Klugman due to their class differences. Another famous work by Philip Roth is the "Defender of the Faith". This story like the other works by Philip Roth also tells about religion and faith. It revolves around Sergeant Marx who fights in the World War II. After coming back from the war the Sergeant gets deeply involved in the Jewish religion. The Sergeant while serving in the army lost his faith in the religion and started doing things which were prohibited in his religion (like he started eating kosher). The story deals with the transformation of Marx from a man of principles and faith to a different man who forgets his religion and views after he joins the army. But soon after he re transforms to the real self when he realizes the need and the change. He analyzes three other Jewish trainees who held their religion and faith to a higher position then serving in the army. In this story I admire the character of Sergeant Marx. This is because of the firm belief of Marx in his principles. He is portrayed as a strong man who has gone through a lot of changes but who still has a firm belief in his religion and faith. The advantages taken by the trainees due to the kindness shown to them by Marx are a thing which I dislike in the story. The story Eli, the Fanatic tells us about the incidents and events occurred after a small ultra-Orthodox Yeshiva entered into a Jewish middle-class society in America. Philip Roth described the feelings of the members of the Jewish community. They were outraged and anxious as they worked hard to maintain peace in the community. He described their anxiety to protect their well-balanced community. Eli was a Jewish lawyer and people appealed him to restrict the outsiders from entering in their grounds. I like the way Roth explains the Jewish unawareness and crudeness of the modern culture and derides their suspicion. The story is distinct in a way it exemplifies the complexity of discussion about the educational standard of the Jewish society in a broken Jewish race. It clearly shows the difference of two different standards of Jewish community. One part of the community is well-educated and realistic, whereas the other part consists of superstitious and backward people. They rely on t he past and are not ready to forget their old traditions and values which is quiet important for their progress at present These three stories are based on the same themes but have different stories and different views. Goodbye Columbus deals with the issue of socio economic differences and classes. It deals with the love of people for the materialistic world that is a common sight in the world. While in the Defender of the Faith the writer tells about the transformation of a man. It tells about people like Grossbart who take advantage of kind people like Marx. In the third

In the instructins Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

In the instructins - Essay Example The cartoon above by Rick Enright has been used to criticize the words and actions of the employers who say what they do not mean. At the same time, it also shows how these employers try to sympathize with the employees who have no alternative than to keep working for their exploitative employers. Similar scenario relates to the case of Tashi and the company presented in Weiner’s book who did not have an alternative route to the capital of Bhutan. Enright has been creating cartoons that especially criticize on industries, motivation, work effort, enthusiasm, delegation and responsibility, weights and heavy lifting which are mostly published on the website: jantoo.com (Enright 1). Jantoo website uses similar keywords which are often searched by organizational employees and employers to ensure he drives the message to the right audience. In his cartoon above, there are two people with uniforms and helmet, representing workers. However, between the two workers, one is adding more load onto the other person’s already heavy load. At the same time, the one adding the load is giving out a caution that the one being loaded should not to â€Å"over-do it.† The writing, â€Å"SAFETY FIRST† is put here to show how people usually say what they do not actually mean. For example, if the people in the picture were practicing safety first, then there was not supposed to be any instance whereby someone is overloaded to the point that some boxes are falling over. The cartoon has been used to criticize what we often see at our work places, and it is an appropriate illustration to its readers as they can directly relate to it following what they often see at the workplace. If we take the loader to be the leader or supervisor, we can say that the cartoon depicts a situation whereby those who create rules pertaining to safety are usually the first ones to go against such rules. One might wonder

History Of Black Tea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History Of Black Tea - Essay Example As compared to the other oxidized teas, black tea is much stronger and contains more caffeine. There are two varieties of species, which are used in the black tea. One is the small-leaved Chinese variety plant, which is also used for the green and white plants. The other variety is the large-leaved Assamese plant. This type was only used traditionally for the Black Tea. Black tea is known as ‘Crimson Tea’, in Chinese and other languages influenced by Chinese. The name itself suggests a more accurate color of the liquid. In the ‘West’ when we talk about black tea, it mostly refers to tea without milk or cream, similar to the coffee that is served without milk. In ‘Chinese’, however black tea is regarded as Pu-erh, which is a common classification of post-fermented teas. Black tea retains its flavor for several years, unlike the green tea which loses it in a years’ time. Due to its retention of flavor, black tea has remained an article of trade. Moreover, black tea which is compressed into brick form is used as a form of de-facto currency in Mongolia, Tibet, and Siberia around the 19th century. Initially, when the tea was imported to Europe, it was either green or semi-oxidized. It was in the 19th century that black tea gained popularity, and people started preferring it over green tea. Despite the fact that green tea has its own health benefits, over 90 percent of the population in the west consume black tea (Tea Scapes n.p). Black tea is famously known as Red Tea in China.

AUSTRALIAN Company Law - the 4 step process and short answer questions Essay

AUSTRALIAN Company Law - the 4 step process and short answer questions - Essay Example Under the Act as quoted above, there are three major entities defined in relation to the case and these are Catering WA as a corporate entity, Jasmine Trendy as a partner in the firm, and Adam, who acts as another partner. Given the positions of these three major entities, it would be noted from the case that s17 of the Act holds none else but Jasmine, who is a partner within the company liable for her acts, which has brought upon breaches of the company’s internal constitution. In a manner that Catering WA was never officially notified of the actions or intentions of Jasmine, the condition of the law that ‘if a partner in a firm other than an incorporated limited partnership’ becomes binding and excludes Catering WA from any wrong doing. In inference, it is only under a circumstance where Catering WA had acted in the negotiation by giving Jasmine the matching audacity to undertake the said purchases that the company would have had itself binding to the committed breach of use of the company money in making external purchases. On the part of Adam, there is only one premise under which he could be found liable in this instance and that is if premise (2) of s17 is found to apply in his case. In the said provision of the Act, it is stated that: But because Adam is outside Western Australia, he may well have a justification that even though the constitution of the company is in the public domain, he never had personal access to it and so could not be affected by the liability because he the partner ‘knew about the breach of trust.’ In the recent case Wright Prospecting Pty Limited -V- Hancock Prospecting Pty Limited [No 9] [2010] WASC 44, a practice of â€Å"prohibition in temporary reserves on entry into any arrangement to transfer the property without ministerial consent† was permitted primarily under the s 7 of the Property Law Act 1969 (WA) because the partner in the firm, which in this case was the Ministry

Crossing Delancey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crossing Delancey - Essay Example The societal values are beating the retreat but that viewpoint is liable to be challenged. The characters of the play move on the path that has been prescribed for them, and speak on the dotted lines. The factual message that remains embedded in this absorbing and romantic comedy is an emphatically old-fashioned idea. The real need of a nice-Jewish girl is to be happy with a nice-boy from the old neighborhood! The viewer, for the duration of the play, thinks that he is being transported from the modern age to the middle age! That journey, however, is not the unpleasant one, and the recollection of the old world values is thoroughly enjoyable. Izzy—Isabelle Grossman Isabelle Grossman, who lives alone, thinks that she is in love with an egoistic WASP novelist, believing in some fanciful ideas about life which she herself is not sure. She eventually finds true happiness with her Bubbie and marriage broker fixes her up with a traditional and nice Jewish boy from the old neighborho od. He is a humble guy, deeply religious and tradition-loving and visits shul every day and happy to make his living selling pickles at the company he inherits from his father. Izzy is not carrier-crazed yuppie, but her imaginings are strong and heady and she daydreams a lot for her own good and has her definitions about the concept of wellness. She is a perfect granddaughter. She is not ultra-modern in her attitudes and does not like to be called an old-fashioned individual. Her career has something to do with her intellectual maturity. She works in a New York bookshop and she gets acquainted with many intellectuals there of both the sexes and such encounters keep her inspired. In her effort to escape from the net in the form of Sam carefully woven for her by her grandmother, she fixes Sam up with her best friend Ricky. This stop-gap arrangement does not succeed and she gradually is impacted by the qualities of head and heart of Sam and begins to spend more time with him. She is in itially irritated with the surprise appointment with a matchmaker and tells him in a tone or rebuking, â€Å"Excuse me, but I do not know what you think you’re doing.† Izzy visits her grandmother every weekend, for a practical view of the first generation Jewish lifestyles of her grandmother and is deeply impacted by it. Bubbie, The response of Izzy’s grandmother, to Izzy’s galaxy of intellectual friends is not enthusiastic, and she is a bit worried, whether she will be trapped into making the wrong choice of her life-partner. She is deeply committed to Jewish traditions and would like to find a suitable match for from her own community. She seeks the services of a Jewish matchmaker for the purpose in view and succeeds in her endeavors. Enter Sam, in the life of Izzy, only to be cold-shouldered initially. His pickle-making profession does not certainly inspire her. (She will be known as the wife of the pickle-maker and a modern girl does not like that to happen!) Things shape well later, though Izzy is irritated initially and resists the move. When Izzy dislikes the presence of the matchmaker, Bubbie advises her calmly but in a commanding tone, â€Å"First you’ll listen and then you’ll talk.† She is the archetypal Jewish grandma and mothers her

Poorhouses in California Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Poorhouses in California - Essay Example Prior to reviewing the history and functioning of California’s poorhouses, the actual cause that led to the establishment of such facilities should be examined. In the earlier days, prior to the formation of poorhouses, paupers and destitute people within a community were cared for by providing relief through a caretaker and auctioning or contracting them with those who require their support or work (History of 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). While is not clear as to when such poorhouses actually came into existence, a political code instituted in the year 1982 included a provision of care for the destitute and sick population within the country. This led to the establishment of several poorhouses within the country which were mostly tax-supported residential institutions. However, by the 19th century the United States adopted the system of Poorhouse establishment from England. This was seen as a more efficient and less expensive method to provide relief to paupers an d destitute in the country. Hence several such houses were created with the hope that housing paupers in institutions would provide an opportunity to reform their character or habits and help them overcome poverty and homelessness (History of the 19th Century American Poorhouses, n.d.). It was quite a challenge to collect information pertaining to the origins of poorhouses in California as by the time these institutions were established, it was politically incorrect to refer to these facilities with names that seemed derogatory. During the years 1930 and 1940, the Work Projects Administration (WPA) began an inventory process of the County Archives of several states. As early as 1850, the legislature made a provision that the Court of Sessions which later became the Board of Supervisors, should take care of the county welfare and provide all the

Reading Research Literature # 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Research Literature # 1 - Assignment Example Journal of General Internal Medicine, 28(3), 436-443. doi:10.1007/s11606-012-2234-y http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2012018670&site=ehost-live The purpose of this research is to carry out an examination of hospital discharge processes such as patient education for patients with acute myocardial infarction and identify which discharge processes may be useful in performance in medical facilities for hospitals AMI care. The research used qualitative study of US hospitals based on RSMR reports by CMS. Hospitals used ranked in top and bottom 5 % in consecutive two years as reported by RSMR. The method used was deviant case sampling. Data was collected using interviews and ground theory approach through visits to the 14 sites to the hospitals. The focus of the study was on hospitals that ranked in the top 5% and bottom 5% of RSMR. The hospitals chosen could be able to perform percutaneous intervention. The hospitals sample used was based on socioeconomic status, geographical and RSMR status. The sample was adequate for the research design because results could be deduced form it. Results showed that there were distinct differences in discharge processes between high and low performers in hospitals. Such results were only finalized due to the sample used. Ancheta, I. B. (2006). A retrospective pilot study. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 25(5), 228-233. http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy.chamberlain.edu:8080/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=2009297932&site=ehost-live A pilot study was conducted under authority from HIPPA. 300 clinics records of patients were used in the investigation of the study. Data collected was demographic such as age, ethnic background, and marital status. The focus of the study was on the patients records that met the criteria of diagnosis of chronic stable CHF secondary to decreased systolic left ventricular dysfunction EF of less

Abnormal assessment Essay Example for Free

Abnormal assessment Essay Describe 3 abnormal assessment findings for a child, adolescent, pregnant woman, adult or older adult which indicate a nutritional problem. What additional questions should the nurse ask based on these findings? What are the Healthy People Goals for this population? How can the nurse promote health and adequate nutrition based on this problem? Does the nutritional problem have any legal or ethical implications? Adolescents Three abnormal assessment findings for an adolescent are as follows: malnutrition, obesity, eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia. First and foremost, being sensitive to the patient’s self-image can be crucial. Talking with them in a non-judgmental way can be key in maintain a great relationship with them. Once we establish a trusting relationship, we as nurses may begin to promote health and adequate nutrition through teaching methods. Even if the nutritional issue is outside our comfort zone we may reach out to another professional for guidance, such as a Registered Dietitian. If we didn’t have to take that big of a step we can always use not only our knowledge, knowledge of coworkers and other medical professionals, but also the books and other various tools that we have used on our educational journey. Discussing BMI according to the adolescent’s gender and age is an important factor in health promotion. One helpful guide to healthy eating is the My Pyramid. Physical activity with healthy food choices is a great way to manage your weight and maintaining your overall healthy body. Many adolescents like to skip meals or have irregular meal patterns. I know first-hand that we have busy lives but being able to be consistent and eat healthy or the healthier of choice of meals will allow us to continue to maintain a healthier body. A healthy diet should be balanced with adequate physical activity. I know some people work late nights so food choices are much more limited in this scenario. Choosing foods that aren’t high in fat will definitely help with nutrition. Sometimes people see themselves as being a certain way which alters their eating habits. You could have someone that is of healthy size and weight that may see themselves as being overweight. In their mind they need to lose this weight which affects them in the future. As they start to diet and possibly exercise more, their body may not be receiving the necessary nutrients it needs in order to maintain a healthy status. This can lead to malnutrition. Some physical signs and symptoms suggestive of malnutrition are as follows (Jensen, 2011): * Hair that is dull, brittle, dry, or falls out easily * Swollen glands of the neck and cheeks * Dry, rough, or spotty skin that may have a sandpaper feel * Poor or delayed wound healing or sores * Thin appearance with lack of subcutaneous fat * Muscle wasting (decreased size and strength) * Edema of the lower extremities * Weakened hand grasp * Depressed mood * Abnormal heart rate, heart rhythm, or blood pressure * Enlarged liver or spleen * Loss of balance or coordination Abnormal findings of malnutrition are as follows (Jensen, 2011): Mild malnutrition: 80%-90% of ideal weight Moderate malnutrition: 70%-80% of ideal weight Severe malnutrition: 70% of ideal weight Questions: What have you eaten in the last 24 hours? Is this intake typical? What did you drink in the last 24 hours? What is your typical meal pattern? Have you noticed a change in your weight? Are you concerned about your weight? Do you think that you are too fat? Do you think that you are too skinny? Do you ever use diet supplements or laxatives or limit the amount of calories you ingest? What type of physical activity do you get each week? According to healthy people 2020 the goal for nutrition and weight status is to promote health and reduce chronic disease risk through the consumption of healthful diets and achievement and maintenance of healthy body weights (Healthy People, 2012). In regards to the question, â€Å"does the nutritional problem have any legal or ethical implications,† it would depend on the situation. If the adolescent was in the care of a facility and they were not providing the necessary nutrients for them to survive then there would definitely be a legal issue at hand. If the adolescent was experiencing this issue on their own as say a self-identity issue then it is more of an ethical scenario. There are various situations and there may be a different answer to similar questions or maybe even different answers to the same question but given to different patients. This is why we do the assessments. We need to gather all the information and implement the best approach for that particular pati ent.

System Design Essay Example for Free

System Design Essay The basis for most systems analysis and design methodologies is the system development life cycle or SDLC. It is sometimes called the waterfall method because the model visually suggests work cascading from step to step like a series of waterfalls. The first step is problem definition. The intent is to identify the problem, determine its cause, and outline a strategy for solving it. Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. The objective of analysis is to determine exactly what must be done to solve the problem. Typically, the system’s logical elements (its boundaries, processes, and data) are defined during analysis. The objective of design is to determine how the problem will be solved. During design the analyst’s focus shifts from the logical to the physical. Processes are converted to manual procedures or computer programs. Data elements are grouped to form physical data structures, screens, reports, files, and databases. The hardware components that support the programs and the data are defined. The system is created during development. Programs are coded, debugged, documented, and tested. New hardware is selected and ordered. Procedures are written and tested. End-user documentation is prepared. Databases and files are initialized. Users are trained. Once the system is developed, it is tested to ensure that it does what it was designed to do. After the system passes its final test and any remaining problems are corrected, the system is implemented and released to the user. After the system is released, maintenance begins. The objective of maintenance is to keep the system functioning at an acceptable level. a. Prototyping Software prototyping is the creation of prototypes or a rudimentary working model of a product or information system, usually built for demonstration purposes or as part of the development process. In the systems development life cycle (SDLC) Prototyping Model, a basic version of the system is built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system or product can now be developed. A prototype typically simulates only a few aspects of the features of the eventual program, and may be completely different from the eventual implementation. The conventional purpose of a prototype is to allow users of the software to evaluate developers proposals for the design of the eventual product by actually trying them out, rather than having to interpret and evaluate the design based on descriptions. Prototyping can also be used by end users to describe and prove requirements that developers have not considered. Prototyping has several benefits: The software designer and implementer can obtain feedback from the users early in the project. The client and the contractor can compare if the software made matches the software specification, according to which the software program is built. It also allows the software engineer some insight into the accuracy of initial project estimates and whether the deadlines and milestones proposed can be successfully met. In this project the Waterfall Systems Approach Method is being used. The systems approach is a problem-solving method that breaks a complex problem into pieces, designs a solution for each piece, and then integrates the solution into a complete system (Dewitz, 1996). As applied to information systems, the systems approach decomposes a system into subsystems and with its environments. In the waterfall model time spent early on making sure that requirements and design are absolutely correct will save much time and effort later. Thus, the thinking of those who follow the waterfall process goes, one should make sure that each phase is 100% complete and absolutely correct before proceeding to the next phase of program creation. Program requirements should be set in stone before design is started otherwise work put into a design based on incorrect requirements is wasted. Also the waterfall model has a simple approach and is more disciplined. The model itself progresses linearly through discrete, easily understandable and explainable phases and thus is easy to understand; it also provides easily mark able milestones in the development process. The systems approach recognizes two major activities: analysis and design. b. System Analysis Systems analysis is the process of studying an existing system – whether manual or automated – and its’ environment. The purposes of analysis are to understand the components and functions of the current system, to identify the organization’s information and processing needs, and to determine the characteristics of a new system to meet these needs (Dewitz, 1996). In the System Analysis phase, Preliminary Investigation, Problem Analysis (studying the existing system), Requirement Analysis (identifying the information needs and what the new system should perform) and Feasibility Study (determining whether the system is feasible for the proposed system) will be performed. System design is the key phase within the system development cycle. It consist of devising specifications for an information system (IS) that best fit a company’s current and expected circumstances (Wilkinson. J. W Cerullo. M. J, 1997). The design may involve an improvement to an existing IS or may pertain to the initial IS for a company. Systems design basically is the reassembling of the components and functions of the IS to satisfy the organization’s information needs most effectively and efficiently. 1. Project Deliverables Following are the Project Deliverables for the Hardware Tracking reporting System. Deliverable Name Deliverable Description DBMS The completed project will produce a DBMS for hardware tracking reporting and replace the current paper based system User training manual A training manual that can be used for training of new staff or the re-training of existing staff in the use of the system Troubleshooting manual A troubleshooting manual that can be used to troubleshoot and possibly resolve any issues that may occur in the daily use of the system Reference manual A reference manual that can be used for quick reference a. Project Milestones Following are the major milestones for the Hardware Tracking reporting System.

Strategic Planning For An Information Systems Business Essay

Strategic Planning For An Information Systems Business Essay Over the past decade, the growth of information system has been tremendous. However, business organisations need to be cautious in adopting any form of technology so as to reap the benefits. They have to carefully study and decide which one is appropriate for an organisation to use. Thereby, enable any organisation to achieve its goal. Currently information systems are essential in any organisation unlike decades before. There are different types of information systems. Any company should have a clear understanding on the appropriate ones for the specific usage. Thereby, essential to have information technology experts or managers who will advice the company on what systems to use to be able to minimise costs and add value to a business organisation. More so, managers and staff would know how to accept the changes brought about by the information systems positively to enable them to work properly towards achieving the pre determined goals. The article gives an explanation as to what information system entails as pertaining to a business organisation or company and how it should be used hand in hand with the strategic planning to ensure the smooth running of any organisation and its success. It further entails and gives example of two companies and how they operate with regards to information systems and the strategic plans of a business. It is only limited to the technological aspect and the foreseen targets for the operation efficiency of an organisation, it does not incorporate other factors that enhance efficient management. Only two companies found in the UK were used to show case the study at hand. The article entails an evaluatory research of information systems and the strategic planning of two companies; Company A and Company B.Thereby, giving a basis of how the companies should use the two concurrently. It is also descriptive in the sense that it gives a clear picture on the application of eight tenets. The research in the article is interpretative in the sense that it the reader enlightens the reader on what is needed or expected to ensure efficiency on the management of information systems alongside with the strategic plans of the organisation. IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY Strategic planning is a tool used in any business organisation to show where the organisation wants to be or achieve in future. Most strategies are either short term or long term depending on the organisation itself. However, the business world is not as it used to be due to the technological changes and advancements. In some business organisations, departments have been done away with while others have newly emerged due to computerisation. Customers are able to deal with suppliers or producers directly thus eliminating the use intermediaries as was before. Furthermore; the internet has greatly changed the business scene. It is apparent that any organisation has to do modifications so as to keep up with the ever-changing and rising demand for technology. An organisation has to be abreast with its information system so that it can know its existing competitors in the current business situation. Basically, have an overview of the current situational needs and changes of an organisation resulting into identifying the strengths and weaknesses both internally and externally and if need be correct to ensure maximum success. The article clearly emphasizes on the need of both information system and strategic planning for the operational efficiency. It clearly shows the difficulties of managing the former since planning is systematic whilst technology is not. Some companies incorporate the two differently and are still successful while others do not. All this depends on the type, size and location of the business organisation. Much as both information system and strategic planning are instilled, an organisation needs to exploit the opportunities and threats to ensure its survival and success. This study is meant to provide a framework for the use of information systems in an organisation such that it will enhance effectiveness and efficiency. In view of this, good operational efficiency does not only entail strategic planning but also involves other factors like effective management as well, so as to enhance the success of any organisation. Other factors that need to be considered to ensure the smooth running of any organisation include good employer/employee relationship, good communication among staff and so on. DEGREE OF CONTRIBUTION AND ORIGINALITY In the 80s and 90s, as a result of infrastructure development of organizational capabilities there has become a necessity to expand the concept of information systems which have strategic importance in any business organisation. Later, with the expansion of efficacy of any type of computer system led to the strategic planning of information systems to become an important issue. The priorities in a plan of the development of systems need to be identified into specific projects planned for the future. For any company, it is very important to have a business plan in the capacity of a flexible and constant development of organizational capabilities which leads not only to profit and expansion of the company, but also it is one of the foundations of stable competitive advantage. Various authors who have made a big contribution into the development of Strategic Information Systems Planning such as John Ward, Joe Peppard, Martin J., Earl MJ, and George Philip. Moreover, an important contribution in this area has been made by authors or researchers such as Samandra Pant and Cheng Hsu. They presented their work on an international conference, which was a prerequisite for the large development Strategic Information Systems Planning. Consequently, a set of different theoretical and practical researches are seen. If a parallel is drawn between the two researches, most of the fore mentioned authors rely on the theoretical basis. However, among the listed authors only George Philip uses an academic theory in practice. The importance of his work lies in the fact that he is trying to reduce the distance between the theoretical approach to business processes and application to the two companies. George Philip has made research based on related literature on Strategic Information Systems Planning thus on basis of eight tenets by showing an example of two companies in the different areas of development. In analyzing the article it can be said that the level of the research was evaluated to give a clear meaning on the usage of information systems and strategic planning concurrently. The generated work by the author shows that there was summarization of the related sources in the area and created a new direction for any business organisation to forge ahead in the ever-changing technological world. While it is very difficult to describe that the approach is original it still creates a good overview of the information and creates awareness that in information systems more or new research has to be done always to keep up with the changes in business scene to match up with technology. THEORETICAL ARGUMENT As seen 8 tenets were used to show the utilization of both the strategic plans and information systems for the success of any business organisation. The researcher tries to create a perfect model of business development on how any business organisation can be successful by use of the tenets. However, any business organisation can still be successful without following the models. Various methodologies have been put forward towards the rationale of strategic planning and information systems. Thereby, any business organisation can choose any methodology to develop their business based on their capabilities and targets. The use of eight tenets and methodologies used is a clear indication of a grounded theory whereby the underlying belief is that the data holds the clue to the explanation. In this case, the eight tenets and that the explanations are meaningful to those whose actions are being studied. (Denscombe, 2003, pg124). This is not appropriate because little scope is given to other factors that also affect the performance of a business organisation like the economic factors and social factors. RESEARCH METHODS ADOPTED There are two methodologies information systems that is impact and align methodologies (Lee and Gough, 1993; Booth and Philip, 2005). The importance of impact methodology is to achieve competitive advantage through the usage of information technology whilst the main purpose of the align methodologies is to a establish symbiosis relationship between information system strategy and objectives of the business itself. (Reich and Benbasat, 2000). It is apparent that the most prevailing planning methods are the one that take a top-down business-led approach (Premkumar and King 1994), and are designed to bring about contribution between the information systems strategy and the business strategy. Align methodology includes the exploitation strategy, which generally goes through two main stages: Top-down analysis for clarifying business needs and identifying Information System requirements. Bottom-up evaluation of already existing Information System for evaluation their effectiveness. Impact methodology includes the exploration strategy which aims to provide the strategic or competitive advantage for the business. The research analysis used in the article was qualitative method. The method, in contrast to the quantitative method which focuses on the statistical measurements, relied on the understanding, explanation and interpretation of empirical data and the sources of the formation of hypotheses and productive ideas. In simple terms, qualitative method does not respond to the questions of How much? What? How? and why?. Furthermore, in qualitative method, researches widely use projective and enabling techniques. By exposing some facts from the article, it is evident to know the applicability of the method of research used. Various authors used for research case study, questionnaires, scientific articles, text, observation , documents and thereafter, resulted into 8 tenets for information systems planning, this shows that the qualitative research method was mostly used appropriately in the research of information systems. (Orlikowski and Baroudi, 1991; Alavi and Carlson, 1992).In addition the above said confirmed the following expression that: using the case study, as a problem-solving technique, which is seldom undertaken in organisations since case studies dealing with problems similar to the one experienced by a particular organisation of a particular size and in a particular type of setting are difficult to find. More to that, Secaran (2000) suggested that the data collection methods like personal interviews within various groups in the organisation (primary data), examination of companys reports, data, academic and industry reports (secondary data) were used as an example of the qualitative research methods. The basis of research was proposed by the two strategies: exploitation strategy and exploration strategy. In the article we have used primary sources (researches); Text and empirical data for interpretation. (http://wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html) and secondary sources (researches)-Research based on the work of others. Literature that interpret or comment upon the primary sources (http://wire.rutgers.edu/research_assignments_pri_second.html). There are always two types of validity which are internal validity and external validity. The former of this was an output made by the author after the study, or the result obtained on the basis of the study. In this article, it is seen on the use of two types of strategies and review of 8 tenets for successful information systems planning. The latter refers to generalization. External validity was seen as a conclusion made by the author after the cross comparison of the case study of the two companies. It is not clear enough whether to talk on the internal and external actions of the case, although the primary and secondary sources of data are available. The article does include any new methods. As seen, that the author used a more qualitative methods, with all its attendant properties. Thereby making the study based on the two strategies and the reviewing of eight tenets. KEY FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS Currently, the world is in the technological era. People and business organisations are using information systems to make life easier. In the article, there are some strategies used to have a very strategic information systems plan and making sure that those companies reach their goal. The discussion based on the study was on the exploitation and exploration strategies. According to the Galliers, (2001) the companys information systems strategy should employ the two strategies. The exploitation strategy, is mainly focused on how to improve the operational efficiency of a company whilst in exploration strategy, it is usually used to make any business organisation have a competitive advantage. (Philip, 2007) The case study emphasized the need for operational efficiency in any business organisation. Operational efficiency is when the company uses the right combination of people and technology to enhance the productivity of the business operation while making sure that they are still in the budget. (Ensynch, 2009) Companies must ensure that they have the right technology and people to be efficient in the effective running of any business organisation. However, companies are facing difficulties in obtaining qualified employees who have technological skills and knowledge. They always need to ascertain whether the employees have the right qualifications. (Ensynch, 2009). It dwelled on the Eight Tenets in having a successful Information system planning in order to be efficient when it comes to the operations of any business organisation. They are as follows: (Philip, 2007) Developing a Business and Information System Strategy concurrently. Using Top-Down and Bottom-Up Listening and Communication Developing a High-Level plan with broad principles, not specific actions. Should have the support of the Top-Management Using Opportunistic Methods. Mandate Proactive Implementation Build in a Frequent Review Process and Contingency Planning Information Technology Leaders are technology scouts and interpreters Developing a business and information system strategy concurrently, is when we ascertain that the business plan and the information system plan go hand in hand. The process involves the entire executive team with the Chief Information Officer. Communication is one factor that makes the plan successful. Taking to the employees would help them in their planning. The company needs to know what the employees think about a certain situation and also, those employees would help them to generate some ideas to make sure that the plan made would be successful. Getting feedback regarding the performance of the systems is also important so the company would know whether the system is doing fine or not and whether it needs improvement or not. Making sure that the plan made is high-level enough; meaning the plan should allow some changes when implementing the program without rewriting the whole plan. By doing this, they could focus on making a solution when they overcome a problem rather than making the plan again. Support from the top management is crucial in having a successful plan. The senior executives must be active and makes sure that they have the correct materials to make the plan. They should also take an immediate action when they faced a problem regarding the plan. The company should make sure that their plan is put into practice proactively in order to maximize the benefits of the plan. They should make sure that the implemented strategy is to be effective to avoid any problems or inconveniences when the plan is implemented. Reviewing the plan is also crucial. Normally, the company reviews their plan at least twice a year and managers and information technology personnel usually review the plan. The reviewing of plan help the Chief Information Officer to know if they are still on budget or not. Also, they would know whether the plan is doing great; whether they are reaching their goal or not. Lastly, the Chief Information Officer should have the knowledge when it comes to the development of the information systems plan. The Chief Information Officer acts like a technology scout in an organization. They should make sure that the technology used incorporates with the mission and vision of the company. The Chief Information Officer should also be aware of the latest technologies in the market. He/she should know the right time of investing a new technology. They should make sure that when they buy a new technology, it still fits within the organisations budget. The Chief Information Officer should know the business language and the technology language for proper interpretation and usage of both technological and business terms. LIMITATIONS Case studies have become extremely widespread in research. When researchers dwell on a case study they look into a set of related ideas and preferences thus when combined give the approach its distinctive character. However they are not unique in the sense that the basis of investing has always been done already. (Denscombe, 2003, pg 31). The article is clearly a case study on use and applicability of information systems and strategic planning for the operational efficiency of any business organisation. Various authors have put forward their opinions whilst theories written for justification purposes. However, no solid generalisations can be made; in the sense that it would depend on ones advantageous view point of the whole scenario and understanding as pertaining to any business organisation. A manager would chose to adopt whatever benefits the company. There is no exact formula or specific way of managing the two concurrently to achieve the organisations pre-determined goals. The other issue is that information represented in the case possibly is not fully reliable and accurate. There is always risk that case can contain errors and inaccuracy. Apparently, the article based the research work on a qualitative approach. However, two methods of approach should have been used, that is the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach, to produce an unbiased end result. In the former, it is always natural for the researcher view not to be eliminated in the process. The other limitation as clearly seen in the article is whereby only two companies from the UK have been used in the research work. This is not adequate. It should have involved more companies since planning and use of information systems is vital to any organisation. There was also a variation in the way he provided and collected the data in that the companies are internationally based but only sited the UK one. However, different approaches or theories may apply differently to different nationalities due to technological factors, cultural barriers, political barriers and so forth. Furthermore, the comparison made on the two articles lacked equality. The dates of the research analysis done were different, In company A it was dated 2003 whilst in Company B it was dated 2004.Since the author rated the performance of each companion on the technological basis, it was not appropriate because how a company performs depends also on other factors like inflation rate, the countrys fiscal year and perhaps the national income for 2003 may not have been the same as for 2004. It is logic for plans and the way information systems are handled to change from time to time in the sense of recent information. Information systems and plans of any article also provide recent information to be used but the research obtained dates back 5 years or 6 years or so. The article did not present how all these statements should change in the fast growing and developing business environments thus no exact description of how all this eight tenets can be effective. More so, the researcher should have used real life current situations to assert his reasoning and conclusions. Other theoretical findings should have been included to give a thorough and more precise understanding of the research at hand. Other limitations in the researchers article included the failure to discuss the possible effects that would happen to both companies given the tenets and that Company A did not follow most of the tenets but still remained successful. SUGGESTIONS In this current technological era, companies are using technology to make work easier and gain competitive advantage in any business world. However, there are some companies who are not using the full capacity of technology in terms of being competitive in the market. Companies are not enthusiastic in employing the Strategic Information Systems Planning due to the fact it is expensive and it will not help in the attainment of long term objectives. In addition, other companies do not use information system and strategic planning due to lack of proper knowledge of the technological factors or others may be due to ignorance. However, to be competitive in the market, Strategic Information System Planning needs to be incorporated to enhance the performance of the business and aid in the normal operations of a company thus ensuring efficiency. Other companies should have been used in the research process. It should not only be based on this two companies when using the eight tenets since every company is different on how they approach activities carried out in any business organisation. The researcher should have explained more on the eight tenets. It is not stated in the article on the effects of the eight tenets and the usefulness of the tenets on any business organisation. The researcher should also have emphasized more on the eight tenets and how it can affect the fast moving and developing companies. Companies should not only use the eight tenets just to make an information systems strategy, but try to look for ways on how to have an efficient operating system. CONCLUSSION Strategic planning and information systems are vital components in any companys goal in achieving operational efficiency and in giving assistance in the companys decision-making activities. However, prudency is needed when incorporating the two for the business to earn maximum benefits. In doing so, the researcher tried to explain on the relevance of information system and strategic planning, in the article, by the introduction of eight tenets acting as guidelines. Thereby, any business organisation would be able to decide the best ways on how to handle the two for operational efficiency of the organizations. Apart from the framework given, further explanations and an exhaustive research should have been brought to attention so as to make clear generalisations thereafter, thus make applicability in any business organisation easier to comprehend and follow. All in all, the message was still passed across by the researcher on the comparisons and differentiation on how different companies, in this case, Company A and Company B, apply the 8 tenets for successful information systems and the strategic planning for operational efficiency. Thereby, enabling an analysis to be done on such a case study.

Irony in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride and Prejudice

Irony in Pride and Prejudice Critics have examined Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, since its creation. In this novel, Austen uses and irony to produce a masterpiece. Austen opens the novel with what appears to be a sarcastic sentence. She writes, "IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife" (Austen 5). Most readers think of this as humorous and quite laughable. It does not necessarily follow that a man with a large fortune is searching for a wife. However, by the end of the first page, the reader may find himself asking, "Was Austen being sarcastic or was she simply stating a fact?" In Pride and Prejudice, the opening sentence is merely a fact. The text presents two men with large fortunes. Moreover, the end of the novel unites both men "of a good fortune" with wives. Austen sealed their ends. What appears mere sarcasm becomes ironic when one realizes "IT is a truth universally acknowledged." The first character to express sarcasm and irony is Mr. Bennett. Austen brings forth the irony of her opening thesis in his sarcastic speech. The opening dialogue between Mr. Bennett and his wife is a worthy example. She comments on a man leasing a piece of property, Netherfield Park. Mr. Bennett shows very little interest in her story. His disinterest perturbs her and she asks him if he wants to know who has rented the property. He replies "You want to tell me, and I have no objection to hearing it" (5). She remarks that the man is "a young man of large fortune" (5). Aside from asking his name, the first thing Mr. Bennett wants to know about this man is: "Is he married or single?" "Oh single my dear, to be sure! A single man of large... ...e seems like utter stupidity to the reader. Yet the most important irony is the irony between Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth. As the novel progresses, Darcy and Elizabeth put away their pride and prejudice to unite in marriage. Also, Mr. Darcy mutates from the villain to the hero as Wickham goes from hero to villain. Finally, Austen's use of authorial intrusion adds a final touch of sarcasm and irony that completes the novel. Â   WORKS CITED Brower, Reuben A. "Light and Bright and Sparkling: Irony and Fiction in Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 374-388. Mudrick, Marvin. "Irony as Dicrimination: Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 388-409. Wright, Andrew H. "Feeling and Complexity in Pride and Prejudice." Ed. Donald Gray. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1966. 410-420.

Essays --

Would technology still be as common as it is today even if they function differently? Back in the 1970s, the idea of having a personal computer is far fetch. Computers back then are not as easy to use like those that we have today. Steve Jobs has a great distribution to make computer to be easier to access. During 1977, Steve Jobs changed the way the world thinks about personal computer after him and his friend released a computer called the Apple II, the first computer that was factory built, inexpensive and easy to use (Lam, 2011, Para.19). The Apple Company was originally started with Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. Jobs and Wozniak bonded over their interests in computers and also their passion for music (Isaacson, 2011, Pg.43). Despite both of them being college dropouts, Jobs and Wozniak started Apple on their own only with the money that they raised from selling things that they owned (Isaacson, Pg.91). Sometime later, Jobs and Wozniak had fallout, Wozniak ended up leaving the company and Jobs got removed from his own company. Even with all of the odds, Jobs never gave up; he created a new computer company called NeXT, which was bought by Apple because the company is about to go bankrupt. Steve Jobs was voted to become the permanent CEO. Jobs completely changed the way Apple works; he shut down all the unimportant projects and focused mainly on computer. He gave Apple the cure for its bankruptcy problem by inventing ingenious devices that changed our culture. He forever altered the language of computer interface. Along the way, he built Apple up into one of the most valuable corporations in the world. Steve Jobs has a great influence over the foundation of the Apple Company and the technology that we have today. Steve J... ... as exciting and lively as ever. All of those in attendance are always awestruck by Jobs enthusiasm and charisma. He also has a great talent to influence the people that he speak to, in his 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech, Jobs used his life experiences to teach the college graduate about life. He taught them that they should pursue their dreams, to see opportunities in life’s setbacks, he asked them to live everyday as if it’s their last day and he also told them to do what they love. Steve Jobs did not just influenced people’s lives by being a good role model; he also changed many people’s lives. He helped millions of people by revolutionizing the whole technology world thus making millions of business easier to manage. He also made Apple into a whole new company that provides jobs for thousands of people around the world.

Debating the Connection Between Birds and Dinosaurs :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Debating the Connection Between Birds and Dinosaurs We live in a world, where every question must have an answer. If that question doesn’t have an answer, somebody is determined to find out what the answer is. One of those very questions is simply, did birds evolve from dinosaurs? Many scientists have theories. There is no definite answer. I will, however, give you information on some theories scientists have, as well as information on a new discovery that may very well be indeed what scientists around the world have been looking for. I will leave it up to you, to decide who you think is right. The idea that birds and reptiles are closely related is not a new one. Since Darwin, similarities between modern birds and reptiles started speculation that these groups had something in common. Then, in 1861, the first specimen of the famous Archaeopteryx ("ancient wing") was found in Bavaria. It seemed to be a mixture of bird-like and reptile-like characteristics. â€Å"For many, this creature was - and is - a powerful confirmation of large-scale evolutionary change (â€Å"Are birds feathered dinosaurs?†).† Since then more and more new discoveries have been found influencing the dino-bird theory. The most recent discovery was in Northern China, of a feathered covered dinosaur that may very well be the answer to this very important question. This discovery not only presents questions about the origins of birds but also about the life of dinosaurs. It reinforces the case for the theory that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, while hinting that many other dinosaurs may have had feathers to keep them warm. The fossil skeleton is estimated to be somewhere between 126–147 million years old (Henahan 2001). However, according to the original scientific article the age is debatable. â€Å"Certain elements suggest a Late Jurassic age; radiometric work from several sites near Sihetun has suggested conflicting dates of 124.6 million years ago or 147 million years ago. The age of these beds is a complex problem and it is likely that several ages are represented at different quarry sites (Ji et al 2001).† According to the article the fossil was discovered by a team of American and Chinese scientists in the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning Province, China. This is the first dinosaur to be discovered with its body covering unbroken. The fossil has been identified as a type of dromaeosaur. The discovery may cause trouble in the paleontology community, where a debate continues on the link between dinosaurs and birds.

Eating †Food Essay

We live in a world where there are some people that live to eat. And we live in a world where there are some people who eat to live. Also, we live in a world where people are struggling to eat in order to live. We reside in a world where there are many societies that eat different foods based on their cultures and the region of the world where they live. As humans, the majority of us eats and places our food in our mouths. In this biological process, the food is chewed and goes down into our esophagus channeling into our stomachs. This whole process affects our blood, tissues, muscles, bones, synapses and brain function. In addition, the largest organ of our bodies which is our skin is also affected with this food process by the choices of the kinds of food we eat. What is so relevant about this information? First of all, what does it matter what kind of foods we eat? Who cares? Do you think our bodies respond to the food we choose to eat knowing that this is harmful for us? Is it a habit to eat foods we were taught to eat? Have we become so accustomed to this habit that we do not venture to explore the tastes of other foods from other cultures? In America, we reside in a culture where our Western values appear to be more concerned about the taste of manufactured and processed foods. We need to explore how our ancestors nurtured the earth with natural foods to instill into our bodies. We do have a choice. We can continue to destroy our bodies with artificial ingredients or we can live healthy lives with the natural and refreshing tastes of food from our ancestor’s heritages: African, European, Asian, Latino, Mexican, Hispanic, and Middle Eastern etc. Why are these food thoughts and words necessary? Because ’Food’ weaves in and out of our novels from Shange’, Morrison, Bailey, Naylor, Marshall, Dash etc. Therefore, due to this food consciousness, the following explains how I claimed a new food journey. I have adopted the foods of the Geechee Gullah (excluding the pork) to include in my diet. As my tissues and my flesh continue to change, I am very careful what I store into my physical system. I realize how essential it is to share a food reality with young people to inform them what they eat now and continue to eat into their 30?s, 40? s and 50? s will affect not only their bodies, this will affect their spirits as well. It is not enough to come to the table in the kitchen or the dining room or the Maidah spread on the floor, relishing all the colorful and delicious foods while sharing it with family. What if food choices while eating with family, cause an illness? What if we eat too much food? Is it possible to lose our sense of connection when not eating healthy? We have to understand ‘who’ our bodies are first, in order to understand the spiritual aspects of how good food is filled with healing powers! All of this creates where we come from, who we are and where we are going. Can you, as the reader of this article explain what this writer did not include in the following questions in reference to central themes (see words in parenthesis) in our novels? Are we those that can (fly? ) Are we those that can (sing? ) Are we those that can (dance? ) Are we those that can (cook? ) Do we (connect) with our heritage? Are we those women that speak and voice the truth to our bodies and protect our flesh, knowing we are more than just flesh that embodies our blood, bones, tissues and muscles? This writer believes and says, we are a result of our ancestor’s wherever they came from†¦we are warrior women protecting our continuing journey in this world to do the right thing. We do not just live to eat. We eat food to live a life filled with â€Å"natural simple foods† as sister Bailey believes, when she shares her food ‘wisdom’ on Sapelo Island.

Hockey Sport Essay

ice hockey is a fast, exciting boast vie by two squads on a sheet of ice called a rink. distri butively team has six frauds on the ice, angiotensin-converting enzyme goalie, two defensemen, two wingers, and one center man.The thespians skate up and stack the ice shooting or acquittance a hard rubber book called a puck with stir ups. They score menstruums by winting the puck into the net. hockey is untold faster and swifter than any new(prenominal) sport. As the pseudos streak across the ice, their almighty quills and passagees trick send the puck faster than one C miles 160 kilometers per hour. A goalkeeper on all(prenominal) team defends his net from the puck reveallet in. They mustiness(prenominal) often limit right away slides across the on their skates, stomachs, knees or posteriors to stanch the puck from going into the net. A puck that crosses the goal line of merchandise is a called a goal and scores a point for the some other team.The sid e that scores the or so goals wins the back up. To keep the attain fast, hockey has an uncommon rule. It is the save major sport that allows workers to diversify or substitute during play. The game is grating and includes lots of hitting and some fights, although trash is against the rules.The ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Persians, Romans, and Arabs, perhaps among the earliest of rile-and-ball games, played forms of hockey. A sport similar to hockey, called Hurling, is cognize to prevail been played during the 1st millennium in Ireland, and other Europeans in the center(a) Ages adopted similar sports. The historians dont know for certain where the put forward Hockey came from. But approximately of them thought the name hockey have been adapted by the English from the French word hoquet (shepherds crook). How ever was the name first habituated to the sport in the 18th century, scarcely was not in common purpose until the 19th century.Hockey thus started in Canada in the mid-1800s. By the 1900s it had kick the bucket Canadas national sport. Since then, hockey has obtain popular in many other countries including Russia, Sweden and the United States. Hockey is separate in many varied divisions including kidskin hockey, which is grouped into age categories, SJHL, WHL, OHL and IHL, which involve the smaller cities in province or state, and NHL, which involve the bigger, mend known cities in Canada and the United States. Each period begins with a oppo mouldion at the center face-off spot. A face-off also starts play again after it has been stopped for any reason.During play, the puck must normally be kept moving. If it is hit over the boards, held by the goalie, out of the lectors sight, frozen between debate impostors, or is otherwise temporarily out of play, an formal blows a whistle for a face-off. A doer whitethorn fly the coop the puck along the ice, pass it to a first mate, or shoot it at the goal, but rules limit these plays in certain ways. 1 extremely consequential rule states that no instrumentalist of the attacking team may be in the attacking regulate ahead of the puck. One player must carry or shoot the puck across the attacking blue line before any other player on the team crosses the blue line.For violations of this rule, an official signals the pique team offsides and conducts a face-off in the neutral zone. A player may pass to a married person anywhere in the selfsame(prenominal) zone. The player may also pass from the defending zone to a checkmate in their teams one-half of the neutral zone. If the pass is god onetime(prenominal) the centerline an official signals the pass offside and conducts a face-off where the play began.Hockey requires a variety of skills. They include checking, skate, passing, stick handling and shooting. Checking is the way a player takes the puck away from the resistance. There argon two main types of checks stick checks and eubstance checks. For a stick che ck the player uses his stick to hook or push the puck away from the opponent. In a body check the player bumps against the opponent with a hip or a shoulder to try any englut the opponents progress or throw the opponent off balance. both stick checking and body checking ar allowed only against a player in witness of the puck or the last player to control it. Skating is the most important hockey skill. Players must be adequate to(p) to turn sharply, skate backwards and come many other maneuvers era skating at top speed. They must be able to do this with their head up and while stick handling the puck. head occurs when a player who has the puck passes it to some other player. In most cases the players use their sticks to actuate the puck toward the receiver. These passes are either straight off passes or flip passes. To make a flat pass the player sends the puck traveling along the surface of the ice. To make a flip pass the player causes it to rise off the ice to reverse i nterception by an opponent. Sometimes the passer simply buy the farms the puck hind end, so that a teammate can get it, this is called a flatten out pass.Stick handling is the use of the stick to control the puck. The player first moves the puck with one side of the blade and then with the other side while skating. The player makes some sweeps of the stick some broad(a) and some narrow. In this way the player keeps the opponent guessing as to the conterminous move and also makes it difficult to distinguish the puck.Shooting is the skill needed to bear on the puck into the net and score goals. to a greater extent or less shots are either wrist joint shots or slap shots. In a wrist shot the blade does not leave the ice. The player uses strong wrist action to propel the puck. For a slap shot the player raises the stick for a back swing and brings it down against the puck with owing(p) force. Slap shots are more powerful but less accurate than wrist shots.Offside plays and ic ing account for most violations of the rules. For these violations, the offending team risks losing control of the puck in the resulting face-off. For more serious violations, players receive penalties ranging from two minutes in the punishment box to removal from the game, but individually team must always have at least four players on the ice. If a third player is penalized while two teammates are in the punishment box, a substitute may flip-flop the player on the ice. A teammate may serve the goaltenders penalisation.Hockey has five main kinds of penalties meek penalties, major penalties, bollix up penalties, match penalties and penalty shots.Minor penalties are precondition for violations standardised holding, tripping or hooking resulting in two minutes in the penalty box. The team must play inadequate until the time is up or the other team scores. But if the same minor penalty is awarded against players on both teams they sit for the full to minutes and two differe nt players may replace them on the ice.major(ip) penalties are abandoned mainly for rubbish or cutting or lottery blood with a stick, they result in five minutes in the penalty box. The penalized team must play short-handed for the full five minutes, but if a player on each team receives a major penalty at the same time, substitutes may replace both players on the ice. Misconduct penalties are given mainly toward the improper treatment towards an official, which results in ten minutes in the penalty box, but a substitute may replace the penalized player. A game misconduct penalty is given mainly for more serious offences against officials.Match penalties are given for deliberately injuring or attempting to injure an opponent. The offending player is removed for the rest of the game and usually given extra penalty minutes depending on the severity of the incident, which a player on that team has to serve. penalty shots are free shots at the debate goal defended by only the goali e. They are awarded against the defending team when an attacking player throws his stick or is pulled down from behind and is so prevented from taking the shot.Those are the rules and regulations of the summercater and exciting game of hockey.

Protect children Essay

All maintain aimes wear closely-grounded obligations which they need to of importtain to persevere professional person standards. They need to be fully aware of their responsibilities. Everyone is g overned by the laws that we live in, and these rules contribute whether we are playing in a park or behind a local pub. In order to main(prenominal)tain carnival play in competitive sport, civili suss outs and performing artists are to keep to the rules and laws of their specific sport. There are two main areas which are common law and negligence. Sir Alex is an elite tutor so he has a contract he has to keep to and he is besides dealing with adults which doesnt bring much of this into the situation, but Tony does keep to his legal obligations very well and he has invariably had a young side.Simple things apply to passenger vehiclees conducting themselves professionally. A trail should always arrive early and allow fitting time to set up and he/she should be fully prepar ed for each session. Being well prepared, clean and tidy for all coaching job sessions should always be done. They should also empower athletes to take testament power and responsibility for their own increasement and progress. Sir Alex and Tony are glorious at this type of responsibility, this crowd out be seen in their awards history.Child fosterion only really applies or applied to Tony since he raised a team from an early succession where was Sir Alex start inventing with his players at the youngest age being 16. Coaches boast the responsibility to protect children from all forms of evil. There are four main kinds of abuse which are physical abuse, neglect, versed abuse and emotional abuse.All coaches should proceed insurance consider for the specific sport they are involved in. They also need it for their employment status. Many governing bodies whitethorn include insurance as part of their railroad tie fee.Many pro coaches like Sir Alex have citizenry organised certain things for him like training outfits and boots for his players. An avail for him is that none of his players have to pay fees where that brings extra work for people like Tony who has to fashion out the kit each week, the fees. Coaches in should clarify in state with performers (and/or employers) the number of sessions, fess (if any) and methods of payment. They should explore with performers (and/or employers) the expectation of the outcome of coaching. Written contracts may be appropriate in some circumstances.Progression of sessions will take place in any train of coaching, in Sir Alexs sessions to Tonys sessions. Performers will circumvent a better understanding of skills and techniques they are breeding if they are given the opportunity to see and feat how they fit into the wider context of use of their sport. For example, teaching young performers how to hold a discus and move across a discuss circle will have limited benefit unless they john see an end ma tter and have a practice of jumbleing the discus. Allowing the performer to throw the discus will help the skill to be hornswogglet and allow some performance based feedback to be promoteed. This will also achieve satisfaction and remediate individualistic and team performance.Motivation and enjoyment is a main part of good coaching. When individuals are fitting to see that they are improving they will gain personal satisfaction and want to continue. A coach should structure sessions in order to allow performers to see their own improvements. Coaches should aim to structure their practises in a way that allows performers to experience some form of mastery and then they can gain satisfaction from their achievement. This is oddly important when coaching children so this would really apply to Tony and now really to Sir Alex because his performers are elite sportsmen.Coaches should take healthy and safety precautions with whatever type of age group they deal with and faculty of players. Tony and Sir Alex always fake certain that when they train everything is safe and can cause no harm to the performers. Within the limits of their control, coaches have a responsibility to ensure as for as farsighted as possible the safety of the performers with whom they work. The activity undertaken should be suitable for the age, physical and emotional maturity, experience and ability of the performers. They moldiness(prenominal) also make sure that the facilities and equipment that is dismissal to be used it safe.All coaches make sure that their participants are never in danger of become injured. Tony and Sir Alex will take extra care because they cannot consecrate to have injured players during a season. If a coach appropriately addresses the safety issues related to the coaching venue, the equipment and the selected activities as identified above, the safety of the participant will have been addressed. However, there may be instances where the safety of the per former can become in danger is the coach does not adhere to good practice guidelines.Coaches must abide by the rights, dignity and worth of ever participant. They must treat everyone equitably and sensitively within the context of their activity and ability, regardless of gender, ethnic origin, cultural background, sexual orientation, religion or political affiliation. Both coaches can be seen to give equal opportunities to performers. Sir Alex has players from all over the world and Tony has a few people from a few different continents also.Coaches always give performers opportunities to draw their range of skills. Sir Alex and Tony always give their players opportunities because they believe they can still develop themselves as players. Performers will learn best when they are able to build on their own experiences and their own skills. Coaches should always look to give away techniques progressively and show how they are linked to preceding skills whenever possible. This rela tes to a performers progression through the different stages of learning. If a performer learns skills in isolation he or she will never progress.With Sir Alex and Tony you will always stun professionalism and you should form any coach, no matter what sort of level they coach at. Most of the time a coach is viewed as a person of billet who has a certain amount of power. It is essential that a coach knows how to use their authority and not abuse it. Coaches should always make sure that everything they do is bankable and is in good practice. All coaches should demonstrate a professional approach to performers that is fair, honest and considerate to their individual needs. In the UK is it stressed that coaches demonstrate a lofty degree of honesty, integrity and competence. Good coaching practice is underpinned by the following key principles rights to respect and champion the rights of every participant in sport, relationships to develop open and honest relationships with partic ipants and responsibilities to demonstrate appropriate deportment and conduct and achieve a high level of competence through qualifications and continued professional development.

Lehman Brothers

seatigate a nonstarter that occurred at a largish musical arrangement untold(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Tyco, Chrysler/Daimler-Benz, Daewoo, manCom, or Enron. In an APA formatted written advertise that is no daylight spacious than 1,050 words, pass how break inicularized organizational de mingyor theories could select predicted or post explicate the vi stickation of the confederacy. equal and melody the contri merelyions of gratuityership, centering, and organizational structures to the organizational ruin. Lehman Br a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)s H antiquatedings Inc, the ordinal rich- surfacest US enthr integrity man tycoont confide, succumbed to the crampfish premier(a) quantity owe crisis in the sizablegest unsuccessful person register in history.The 158 grade previous(a) unshak equal, which getd dr agoon patoisruptcies of the 1800s, the enormous nonion in the 1930s, & the give of persistent verge u pper-case letter accentsing a disco biscuit ago, fi lead a chapter 11 crave with US unsuccessful person caught in Manhattan on folk, 15. The spargon- condemnation activity day, its enthronization tilling & transaction divisions were acquired by Barclays plc a unyielding with its re s nonty-noseding York plate ca-ca. In the biggest reshaping of the pecuniary industry since the ancestry forthstanding Depression, sm secern streets c deteriorate arrive at storied true, Lehman Br early(a)s H gray-hairedings Inc. , headed towards extinction.The 158 social divide old pie-eyed, which survived coerce depository pecuniary g everywherenanceruptcies of the 1800s, the nifty completeping shoot in the 1930s, & the erupt of long depot s tumesce trouble a ten dollar sign bill ago, blamed a chapter 11 crave with US unsuccessful person caught in Manhattan on kinfolk, 15. The chase day, its enthr privatement asserting & traffic divisions were ac quired by Barclays plc along with its untriedborn York r residualer building. The dud of Lehman, which describeed to a prominent extent than $613 zillion of debt, dwarfs World Com Incs insolvency in 2002 & Drexel Burnham cubic decimeters mischance in 1990.What happened that week blocking was that the federal makeicial got a plenty of cuss presidents unneurotic and asked them to invest in Lehman (basic al nonpargonily add Lehman property). The bank CEOs, surface-read the happen of much(prenominal) a l finish up (they could incur Lehmans finances), ref customd to do so with a panache round mixed bag of view aser from the presidential bourninal figure (whether it be bolshie-protection, the disposal paid half(a) of the loanword, etc etc). Hank Paulson, the secretarial upholdant of exchequer, ref utilize to do this, tell that he didnt emergency to tear the tax constituteers with paid to drop a track a hush-hush c each(prenominal)er- knocked let bug out(p) that screwed up. detachment race IMIDIATE succeedinglyward EFFECTS- US origins tumblight-emitting diode, to a greater extent than $ccc bingle one zillion gazillion trillion in merchandise tax, pummeled by the developments. Lehman plunged 95% AIG draw arse 42% on donjon c erst maculationrns period lingo of the States potbelly slumped 14% by and by agreeing to acquire Merrill kill & Co. for $50 jillion. The surviveure register repre dis mail function the subvert of a 158- grade-old comp either that survived frameation wars, the Asiatic pecuniary crisis and the snap of fudge storage long- grade keen solicitude, up to now non the spheric de nonation e evaluation comminute.fiscal institutions sphericly abide rove great deal a good deal than than $ viosterol one thousand trillion of drop a line- bribehearteds and arrogance exhalationes as the U. S. sub f pitifulering owe crisis has permeate to se paratewise(a) foodstuffs. textbookbookbookmark-start textbookmark-end failure overly represents a self-aggrandising end to foreman exe curbive hammer Fulds four-decade passage at Lehman. Fuld, who pi disseminateed the enthronement bank by dint of and with introductory c come ons with aplomb, was widely fulfiln as excessively obtuse to do it Lehmans affect to swot up seat of governing and put a authority unsound as urgencys. Lehman Br early(a)s filed for nonstarter because they failed to invoke equal slap-up to take in charge their debts.The succeeding(a) transp arnt doubtfulness is wherefore did they ca-ca so to a greater extent(prenominal) debt? This is a ii-fold dissolve guerilla, Lehman had a long ton of what is c anyed l incessantlyaged assets. basically what happened (the non-basic is for an separate(a)(prenominal) question) is Lehman besidesk their assets and withalk out loans secured by those assets (for instance, victimisation their on-hand coin as conquer requitals on loans) and because(prenominal) invested those loans in the say(prenominal) proportion differential gears. So, non solo did those enthronizations relapse nurse, solely Lehman had to ante up the hobby on the coin they borrowed (and afterward muddled).In footling, Lehman was a fortuity of the impute crunch delinquent to vulner superpower to gr admit debt. In solemn 2007, the rigid unsympathetic its subprime lender, BNC owe, eliminating 1,200 positions in 23 locations, and took an after-tax un a handle mission of $25 jillion and a $27 trillion step- wipe out in good al natural depression for). Lehman state that low grocery store conditions in the owe home necessitated a certain drop- re collide with in its resources and energy in the subprime lay. At the end of postgraduate-minded 07, Lehman had $600 meg of assets financed with fitting $30 meg of legality.Having so itty-bitty expectant typ ifyt that a 5 grapple defy in assets would lave out the cling to of the comp either, which investors motto as a material endangerment collectible to the clubs gazillions of dollars of owe securities. In 2008, Lehman confront an infrequent passage to the go along subprime owe crisis. Lehmans discharge was obviously a head of having held on to mountainous positions in subprime and opposite disdain-rated owe tranches when securitizing the to a lower placelie owes whether Lehman did this because it was scarce un orderive to give the lower-rated baffles, or do a certified ratiocination to obtain them, is un chthonianstandably.In two in erat, long losings accumulated in lower-rated mortgage- support securities end-to-end 2008. In the south fiscal drag, Lehman describe losings of $2. 8 cardinal and was obligate to transport glide by up $6 jillion in assets. In the seraphicman half of 2008 alone, Lehman course anomic 73% of its look upon as the reliance foodstuff go along to tighten. In expansive 2008, Lehman identify that it think to emerge 6% of its lend force, 1, viosterol great deal, good onward of its trey-quarter-reporting deadline in family. On elevated 22, 2008, sh ars in Lehman unsympathetic up 5% (16% for the week) on reports that the collectivised Korea developing till was takeing acquire the bank. to the highest tip of those gains were promptly scoured as news came in that Korea learning aver was lining elusiveies pleasant regulators and attracting firearmners for the deal. It culminated on kinsfolk 9, when Lehmans sh argons plunged 45% to $7. 79, after it was report that the state-run southwestward Korean fast(a) had put duologue on hold. On family line 17, 2008 Swiss Re estimates its overall mesh meridianology movie around CHF 50 one thousand zillion to Lehman Br early(a)s. Investor federal agency move to fret as Lehmans ex slip by vote little(pr enominal) scattered virtually half its protect and pushed the S&P d down 3. 4% on September 9.The Dow Jones lost ccc points the athe likes of day on investors connects round the tri scarcee of the bank. The U. S. governance did non annunciate or so(prenominal) ends to assist with any practical fiscal crisis that emerged at Lehman. The succeeding(a) day, Lehman de none a vent of $3. 9 cardinal and their jailed to convert mutilate a absolute studyity bet in their investing- draw come toment dividing line, which allow ins Neuberger Berman. The telephone line slid 7 sort that day. Lehman, after primarily rejecting questions on the heaps agreement of the departicipation, was describely disfranchised-hitting for a purchaser as its contain de vergeine dropped some other(prenominal) 40 pct on September 11, 2008. estim equal in front the take apart of Lehman Brothers, executives at Neuberger Berman sent email memos enkindleing, amon g other things, that the Lehman Brothers prime reciprocal riches throw in the towel multi-one thousand thousand dollar giftes to devote a material communicate to both employees and investors that management is non s droping obligation for invigorated performance. Lehman Brothers coronation Management handler George Herbert pram IV, bite jump cousin to U. S. hot seat George handcart Bush, reject the proposal, federal agency out so farthest as to rattling pardon to other members of the Lehman Brothers executive buck for the estimation of bonus mitigate having been suggested.He wrote, dirty team. I am non confident(predicate) whats in the water at Neuberger Berman. Im chagrined and I apologize. In its Chapter 11 register, Lehman aroused Citibank and aver of rising York Mellon as trustees for soundly-nigh $138 meg of elder Lehman gravels. It say Citis Hong Kong concord had do a $275 jillion bank loan to Lehman. Among Lehmans other unlo cked creedors atomic cycle 18 Nipponese banks Aozora depose, Mizuho pecuniary radical Inc, Shinsei marge and UFJ camber. Frances BNP Paribas is similarly on Lehmans list of its 30 mountainousst un insured quotationors.The hard state that as of whitethorn 31, it owed clam up $one hundred ten. 5 gazillion on narrative of major(postnominal) unguaranteed notes, $12. 6 trillion on deem of subordinated unbolted notes, and $5 jillion on reputation of lower-ranking subordinated notes. Lehman too unwrap that it possess put on the line of 10 portion or much in a issue forth of companies, including lofty genuinelyize Co , Lpath Inc, dermis serve, masthead Reinsurance, GLG Partners, Ronco corp , peaceful vigour Partners, Blount world(prenominal) , Pemstar Inc and Transmontaigne Inc.The enthronization bank, once the fourth- gravidst in the joined States, had hoped to urge on jacket by change reach a berth in its investment social unit, and us e that metropolis as well as other specie to crack off roughly of its noxious assets to sh atomic digit 18holders. solely that scheme did not receive investors, who punish Lehmans shargon price, or rating agencies, who touch the keep party to ack promptlyledge a stronger partner. Lehman state the chatoyantty, oddly among banks with which it cans securities tacks, take downtually make it un start outable for it to come slightly to persist its ply.The nonstarter file comes after a pass of heated duologues among regulators and argue lane rigids close Lehmans emergency. The U. S. political science refused to backstop Lehmans s result assets the way it backstopped concur Stearns cos Incs sale to JPMorgan Chase. organization officials told banks to supporting Lehman or else be b guess for to a greater extent(prenominal) investment banks to lose investor confidence and fail. howalways in all probability bidders refused to vitiate Lehman without political relation support, people briefed on the outcome verbalize. In the end, Lehman was allowed to fail, and cuss of the States corp hold to uprise what was seen as the side by side(p) weakest U.S. investment bank, Merrill lynch & Co Inc. For around(prenominal) of Lehmans 26,000 employees the aspect is plausibly to be gloomy, with crease losings expect to be meaning(a) even if authoritative move of the line of merchandise rat be sold. At Lehmans main chest in midtown Manhattan on sunlight afternoon, men dressed to kill(p) in suits came and went, objet dart round employees entered the building with what calculateed to be asinine duffle bags, then(prenominal) left-hand(a) with them full. Others emerged with accordion files, binders stuffed with papers and full valises.On sunlight night, hundreds of Lehman employees were notwithstanding in the authorization to clear their desks and sharpen personal belongings, fit to an employee. some(prenom inal) money- mer dopetileise bullion and institutional coin run yields had solid moving-picture show to Lehman with the institutional hard currency computer memory run by The hope of bleak York Mellon and the particular feather agree ancestry, a money-mart rip, both locomote beneath $1 per shargon, called rupture the offend, followe losings on their retentivenesss of Lehman assets. In a educational activity The brink of b attempt York Mellon verbalize its fund had isolated the Lehman assets in a separate structure. It tell the assets accounted for 1. 3% of its fund. The drop in the patriarchal sustain Fund was the first base time since 1994 that a money- grocery store place fund had dropped below the $1-per-sh be take. some nose dissolvedy parry notes used Lehman as their prime talk terms and relied virtuallyly on the quick for financing. As administrators) took charge of the ceiling of the United Kingdom employment and the U. S. gua rdianship ships troupe filed for let outcy, positions held by those postpone bullion at Lehman were frozen. As a solvent the disconcert ash grey atomic make out 18 understructure obligate to de-lever and sit on large hard currency resi payables inhibiting chances at tho growth. In japan, banks and insurers announce a combine 249 trillion fade ($2. meg) in potential losings level(p) to the interrupt of Lehman. Mizuho combining & riming Co. cut its profit figure by much than half, citing 11. 8 one trillion jillion yen in losings on sequesters and loans linked to Lehman. The margin of Japan regulator Masaaki Shirakawa say nigh alter to Lehman Brothers was make by major Japanese banks, and their possible losses bet to be indoors the levels that shag be cover by their profits, adding on that point is no concern that the latest events depart venture the perceptual constancy of Japans pecuniary system. During nonstarter proceedings a faith fulnessyer from The purplish depose of Scotland convention state the company is approach between $1. one one thousand cardinal one thousand thousand one thousand one thousand thousand and $1. 8 meg in claims against Lehman part establish on an unsecured guarantee from Lehman and machine-accessible to occupation losses with Lehman subsidiaries, Martin Bienen line of note. later form nothing was reported to retain vulnerability to Lehman, its pullulate went down 56% in the first day of vocation having started at $67. 87. The colossal drop in conk certificates led to the saucy York bank line permutation hold flip-flop of configuration. The adjoining day, as the strivingtaking plummeted as low as $13 per sh ar, conformation denote it was hiring Morgan Stanley and UBS to rede it on strategic utility(a)s suggesting a grease ones palmsout.darn rumors suggested French power company Electricite de France would buy the company or development its pursui t, Constellation at long fit concord to a buyout by MidAmeri keister Energy, part of Berkshire Hath outside(a) (headed by megaire rabbit warren Buffett). The federal official clownish Mortgage dope or granger mack state it would lay down to write off $48 million in Lehman debt it owned as a event of the failure. sodbuster macintosh say it whitethorn not be in contour with its minimal capital requirements at the end of September. 2008). economies.Furtherto a greater extent, such wealth make tend to caper out gradually. The 158 year old Lehman Brothers move to file for nonstarter wiped off much than Rs2000 crore from the merchandise valuation of those Indian companies in which the US mo authoriseary major do law investments. study demarcations held with participatory notes issued by Lehman Brothers coronation Management, a SEBI- registered opposed institutional investor, axiom their prices nosedive. participatory notes ar derivative instrument instrum ents by means of which foreign investors that argon not registered in India can trade on the Indian marts.In accession to its honorableeousness holdings in listed companies, Lehman had as well invested in unlike projects of Indian companies, oddly in ac reference worked state. In India, Lehman too acquired BRICS institutional E stop overies furrow of query analysts and gross sales and art professionals and bought a 26% stake in edelweiss keen finance , a non banking pecuniary company, new-fangledly. The investment banking major has as well been intricate in several(prenominal) Indian initial overt offers. IT SECTOR- The nuclear nuclear meltdown in US had a great jounce on Indian IT & IT companies as a large thud of their revenue enhancements is from US.Thus, the crisis had emphatically slow up conglomerate new projects. food foodstuff sources revealed that the companies dribble upon by the crisis such as Lehman Brothers, Merill lynch and AIG contai n been outsourcing work to wipro, Tata Consultancy Services & Infosys. thither was a purpose relate on the revenues of this companies. As much & more than consolidation, acquirement & mergers took place in the US, the human activity of companies in this lay came down & shrunk the addressable market for the Indian IT go companies. integrating likewise led to consoli unfeignedise IT resources & reduction in IT spending, which had damaging effect on the IT companies.The retardent as well had an jmpact on the hiring practices of Indian IT operate companies, who had to now focus on only when-in-time hiring, instead than good hiring practices like campus recruitment. Thus, w. r. t. Lehman, as much as 60% of the revenue of Indias bundle steadys comes from the world-wide fiscal vault of heaven, so the side effect of Lehmans unsuccessful person on Indias IT sphere cn be well imagined. original ESTATE- The take apart of Lehman Brothers and the bailout of Merrill kill, the ball-shaped fiscal behemoths, abnormal Indian real estate companies that were in the appendage of rhytidoplasty fresh currency. many a(prenominal) steer realtors, already facing a paucity of funds imputable to a deceleration or a study in prices, found it more fractious to fix up resources even at the project level. Merrill kill & Lehman Brothers had impression to more than a 12 real property companies, including, Ansal Housing, Anant Raj Industries, star Infrastructure, the Puravankara classify and J Kumar Infrastructure, among others. The Indian companies argon not yet ineffectual to enkindle fresh capital exclusively they be too purpose it difficult to give the armory of lodgement stock as supplicate & prices both puzzle gloamingen.BANKING- ICICI Bank said that it dexterity shoot to make an supererogatory prep of $28 million (Rs. 188 crore) on its mental picture to stick withs issued by Lehman. It had already do supply of $12 mill ion on these bonds. Indian IT major Wipro Technologies has verbalized chase in tender for the Indian back office business of Lehman. The bankrupt investment banking firm is anticipate to close its confined unit in Mumbai by the end of this month. The units 1200 employees, who work on blondness research and analytics support for the mergers and encyclopaedisms business, consecrate been asked to quit by September end. hostile employees in Lehmans investment banking business who digest been receiving feelers from domestic help banks, employees in the mantled BPO ar tall(a) to flummox assemble stemmas cursorily because the IT and IT- enabled services industries fetch already begun retrenchment, owing to the orbiculate fiscal crisis. The run batted in had travel promptly to advance runniness. take over there could be some block on ac recognition availability. That implies more overpriced reliance (even domain sector banks be said to be training money at 11. 5%, so that add rank ordain go on up to 16 % and higher).For companies looking to farm capital, the alternative of championship through fresh equity is not cheap, either, since stock valuations bring in suffered in the wake of the FII draw and quarter out. large(p) has perfectly operate more expensive. in that respect is a risk that projects underway pull up stakes suffer from delays and greet overruns as salute of address shoots up. concrete estate could be nearly moved(p) sector. Builders may pass on to bushel to displace prices to light upon customers for spirit accommodations projects nearing completion. other use up is strike on on job creation in the country. on that point could be downsizing in companies in sectors force by high constitute of credit and fall in demand. The layoffs in IT sector may be a join forecasting of things to come. The crisis does soak up a silver lining. The falling rupee(against the dollar) depart mean that exp orters affect by the previous rise of the currency can take a breather short. hitherto importers would be at the receiving end. Importers of anele and other commodities prices get out counteract the touch of the dollars decline against the rupee. Prices of stocks and real estate, which had apprehended by too much, provide come down to earthy levels.The Lehman Brothers unsuccessful person register prove that as of their may 31, 2008 monetary narrative that the firm has $639 gazillion of assets and $613 one million million million of debt. At that time the firm had just approximately $110 one thousand million in customary bonds, and just somewhat $17. 6 one thousand million in subordinated bonds. The written material of the other debts is hard to determine, in part, because of a self-aggrandizing hybridizing reference work in that part of the register. As of the last monetary control, accounts payable were round $71 jillion, scant(p) term debt was $163 jillion, other on-line(prenominal) liabilities were more or less $29 meg, and long term debt was about $350 one million million.As of the filing date, the list of the top 30 outlander creditors of the firm mentioned $138 one thousand thousand of banausic bonds (managed by dickens bond trustees), $17 cardinal of subordinated bonds (managed by one of the devil universal bond trustees), and about 3 meg in bank loans and earn of credit ranging in coat from $463 million to $10 million from 23 different institutions (a a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) of whom step up to be relate entities of to apiece one other). This leaves about $485 million of debts owed to creditors in measuring rods less than $10 million and insider debitors.This would suggest that $71 one thousand thousand+ is do up of trade credit in lowly amounts per creditor, trance $414 trillion is make up of pecuniary creditors in amounts less than $10 million and insider debt, with i nsider debt belike reservation up the bulge out of the debts, as investment banks dont by and large take deposits from millions of digestholds the way that commercial banks do. in that respect dont appear to be any portentous (i. e. more than $10 million) secured creditors or trade creditors, although this world power not include monetary rights of setoff. on that point are more elaborate in an sworn educational activity of the CFO, which is frankly quite a obscure and unsatisfying. I escort it very hard to commit that Lehman Brothers is in commensurate to(p)(p) of providing much, much more discipline than it has to date with scarce menial effort. enchantment it office not be able to win ever star creditor in a government issue of weeks, it ought to be able to in public account for more than a third of its enceinte debt. These folks are in the monetary compendium business and live and die on their own ability to be passing leveraged without fit ins olvent. faithfulness The most young pecuniary statement listed the substance judge of pet stock at $7 zillion (and did not include it as a debtor in the require). The add up redemption value of the preferent stock found upon the rights of each class of favorite(a) stock, the trope of prefer shares set in the petition (presumably the number of genuine like shares in each class), and assumptive that best-loved stock dividends arent grossly in arrears, is about $237 cardinal. This is mensural as follows 5 million shares, $ calciferol each, $2. 5 one million million million 4 million shares, $5000 each, $2. jillion 12 million shares, $2500 each, $30 gazillion 5. 2 million shares, $2500 each, $12. 5 billion 66 million shares, $2500 each, $clxv billlion 12 million shares, $25 each, $0. 3 billion 12 million shares, $25 each, $0. 3 billion 16 million shares, $25 each, $0. 4 billion 8 million shares, $25 each, $0. 2 billion 4 million shares, $ constant of gravitation each, $4 billion 2 million shares, $ jet each, $2 billion But, this appears to grossly overdraw the amount of favorite(a) stock shares keen. there are 694,401,926 common shares outstanding correspond to the petition.Assets The source respite statement listed the companys assets as $314 billion in cash, $42 billion in net receivables, $4. 3 billion in laid assets, and $279 billion in non-current assets. Presumably, this number is lower now, due to market losses, curiously in mortgage base securities. several(prenominal) division on the reputation of those assets is useable Sanford Bernstein analyst secure Hintz estimates that 55% of Lehmans equilibrise rag week can be cursorily liquidated, in particular such assets as receivables and short-run loans cognise as buy agreements.thither are about $269 billion in securities that are some other story, Hintz wrote in a report released Monday. He estimates 27% of the $269 billion is in mortgages, 17% in derivatives, and 8% in real estate. analytic thinking The two primary bond trustees seem plausibly to be the rife give tongue to on behalf of creditors in this loser on the creditors committee. This could be a blow% payout liquid failure unsuccessful person, and failing that, could be one in which common stock shareholders, favored stock shareholders, and perchance subordinated debtors turf out the brunt of the stupor, objet dart universal creditors are held virtuous or nigh so.Indeed, if the company adopts a intend that holds righteous all preferred and general unsecured creditors, and all secured creditors, then that the holders of subordinated debt would lead any right to quarry. Since all of the subordinated debt appears to be stand for by a single bond trustee, this top executive mean that the syllabus could be confirm in a one on one negotiation with the object lesson of that bank. rectitude and subordinated debt in concert are capable of take up a $43 billion loss between may 31, 2008 and the bankruptcy filing, and pre-bankruptcy loss estimates had been in the neighborhood of $7 billion.Barclays Bank is discussing buy the securities firm firm and investment banking exercises including the plate out of bankruptcy for about $8 billion (presumably the ordinarily super juicy brick and howitzer part of the effect which likely also counts for most accounts payable and accounts receivable), and expect that this is a market value for that operation by some sound measure, the market losses that other creditors would sacrifice to bear would tolerate unchanges, entirely greater liquidity could expedite up the payout.The bankruptcy filing covers totally Lehmans holding company. Its brokerage and money-management units are not in Chapter 11 employees keep mum assume their jobs, customers calm down black market proceedings on accounts, and portfolio managers steady manage uncouth funds. The copulation emancipation of these subsidiaries from the bankruptcy litigate is what enables Barclays, the U. K. -bank that walked away from a Lehman pitch over the weekend, to consider purchase part of Lehman.another(prenominal)(prenominal) evoke misfortune would be a political program that allocated good, short term assets to outsider creditors as payment in full, while allocating securities of uncertain value, like the mortgage backed securities, to the insiders. Outsiders cant object if they get quick cash in exchange of the debts owed to them, so this plan could be enforce on them, deviation insiders with any windfalls resulting from market undervaluation of Lehman Brothers conglomerate fiscal assets.The biggest overall risk is that the derivatives market, and in particular, the credit default option market, go forth be screwed up by the frost of the positions of a major market player, although recent bankruptcy law reforms are knowing to decrease this impact. fiscal crises are wonderful when pri mal sparing basic principle are out of line with found theory, booster cable to bursts of excessive optimism and/or pessimism. It is the function of the powers that be to bring intellect to the market. all(prenominal) pecuniary crisis is different, but they do all end.The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and Merrill Lynchs acquisition by Bank of the States is yet another interpret in the advance of the financial crisis that had its root in the US sub-prime mortgage market. The initial exemplify of the crisis took a chime on luff mortgage lenders like countrywide financial. In a subsequent correspond, guarantors of mortgage-backed securities like Freddie mack and Fannie Mae came under attack. This culminated in their waiver away into US government receivership (effectively nationalization) a few weeks ago in the lead the bankruptcy was in truth filed.Lehmans decease mark the stagecoach where banks with substantiative but large moving pictures to the US mortgage marke t, chiefly through derivative instruments, bear the brunt. This is not needs the net exam stage and the belabor is perchance not over. A distinguish tout of this crisis that started in the affection of 2007 has been the lack of pellucidity on both the constitution and number of financial institutions that extradite confirmative moving-picture show to subprime assets, as well as, cross-product enigmas involving impetus from subprime to prime mortgages with final spillover into derivatives, structure products and counterparty risks.We could see another set of intermediaries plan of attack under staring(a) pressure. The purpose by the US Treasury and the feed not to guarantee Lehmans financial liabilities is a clear signaling to the market that they conceive that no institution is too big to fail. overtaking forward, a government-funded bailout is likely to be the exception, not the norm. Besides, with Lehmans bankruptcy, the fate of its counterparties hangs in ba lance. It is not clear whether a fire-sale of Lehmans assets exit be adequate to pay off its creditors.Besides, apprehensions of other banks showdown Lehmans fate forget keep inter-bank lenders on edge. This could lead to a commodious squeeze on inter-bank liquidity and set out another bout of uplift in credit markets. Finally, the Lehman case has ramped up the level of risk-aversion in the global financial system. These are old age of complete and ofttimes infatuated pessimism. The way to survive this crisis is to dumbfound cerebrate on the primordials. From a fundamental perspective, Indias financial system has a lot going for it. Indian banks have got no direct mental picture to G-7 mortgage markets and their ndirect exposure is picayune relative to the size of their balance sheet. This has protected us in the quondam(prenominal) and will quell to change us to a epoch-making degree from the agitation in global markets. As this physique of uttermost(a) pessim ism abates a bit, global investors are likely to reinforce India for the hardiness of its system. Thus, at last, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, was in the main caused by the fall in house prices & the easy finance provided for housing at part low come to pass judgment which make the Dow Jones industrial come to fall 500 points.The treasury writing table heat content M. Paulson jr. had been displace exemplification signals to Lehman Brothers ever since the firm proclaimed its second quarter losses of $2. 8 billion. Experts were also quoted as formula that the 158-year-old bank was just living off the fool name that it had nurtured over the years. The Lehman bankruptcy had a great impact on INDIA. The undercapitalization of financial houses that was at the core of the financial meltdown in the US & demonstrable markets became a problem in Indian Financial System, too.